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在教孩子识字的过程中，成年人要设计多种多样的游戏来诱导孩子，使孩子感到识字能获得欢乐，把识字当作每天必不可少的游戏活动，在不知不觉中识字、脱盲。这就是我们常说的“教者有心，学者无意”。

　　该怎样把识字与游戏结合起来，使孩子感到有趣而乐于接受呢？下面讲几种游戏识字的方法：

　　1.捉迷藏：即把字卡藏到容易找的地方让孩子找。找到了，读一读，表扬一番。也可让孩子去藏字，妈妈找字，读字。

　　2.玩玩具：跟孩子玩什么玩具，就在玩具上写上相应的字，让孩子认读。

　　3.做动作：边教字边做动作；教“跳”字做一个青蛙跳的动作；……等等。凡是动词都可以做相应的动作，加深印象。

　　 4.装表情：教育些带感情色彩的动词和形容词 要有脸部表情。如教“笑”字，要带动孩子哈哈大笑，教“哭”字要和孩子一起装作哭的样子；动作、表情的适当夸张，可加深孩子识记。

　　5.钓鱼识字：把字卡当作鱼撤在地上，让孩子去“钓”，钓来一个字卡教一个字，此法可把孩子认过的字当作鱼让孩子钓。成人读一个字，孩子必须钓到那个字，读出那个字才算钓到了“鱼”。也可以几个孩子比赛看谁换钓到“鱼”。这方法用来复习巩固效果好。

　　6.表演识字：让孩子表演他最喜欢做的游戏，如孩子喜欢当小大夫，就让他坐到写有医生的位置上，对病人问这问那，用一听筒在听，开药方，打针……这时候教育他识读，“医”、“药”、“病”、“针”等，就不会太难。

　　7.吃东西识字：孩子在吃东西时，往往是最高兴的，这时教他识读字，兴趣也会高些。如削菠萝时教“菠”、“萝”，切西瓜时教“西”、“瓜”，吃棒冰或糖果时教包糖纸上的那些字。

　　8.讲故事识字：给孩子讲故事，边讲边把故事中主要人物，关键情节在黑板上写下来认一认，讲完故事后读一读，让孩子复述时再认一认。这样既不影响讲故事、故事，认了字又可使孩子把故事情节记得更牢。

　　9.游动物园识字：把许多字卡围成一圈当作动物园的围墙，“围墙”里面放许多写有各种动物名字的字卡。说有许多小朋友要上动物园去玩，开哪个门进去呢？看门人说走“××”门进去安全，如果开错门，老虎会逃出来咬人的，这时候要孩子去“××”门，开对了才能进动物园，开错了重开。进了“动物园”让孩子捡一个个的字卡来问：“妈妈，这是什么呀？”妈妈说：“唷 ，好大的大老虎的‘虎’字…”如果场 地大，还可在动物园内再分隔成几个“猴”、“虎山”、“鸡禽馆”、“熊猫馆”之类的小圈圈，可以把各种飞禽走兽的名词都教孩子认读。此法复习旧字，认新字，效果都很好。

　　10.踩字过河识字：地上画两条平行直线当作是一条河，河中间放若干个字卡当作“桥”，孩子要从“桥”上“过”河去，先要读出一个字才能上前踩中跨到前面的这个字上，读错了重教重读。过了“河”还要从“桥”上返回来，再一个字一个字读过来复习一遍，能做到一字不错返回来的要大大表扬。

　　11.教布娃娃识字：让孩子当小老师，让布娃娃、绒毛狗、小熊、猩猩、企鹅、大熊猫等绒布玩具当学生，成人当班长喊“起立、坐下”识字……此法用来复习已经学过的旧字有很好的效果。

　　12.出门之前识字：让孩子上儿童公园前，先要认一认“儿童公园”四个字。凡是孩子迫切要求出去玩的时候，都可以先识几个字再行动，到外婆家去也可以学“外婆”两字，认认外婆家居住和街道、村庄、门牌号码等。 13.引诱孩子识字：成人与成人说话，故意相互问字，教字，写字，猜字谜考字，谈得津津有味，吸引住孩子的注意，引诱孩子主动来看来问，积极参与识字活动。

　　以上介绍的十几种室内识字法，还仅仅开了个头；针对3岁前孩子的心理特点，还可能创造出更多更好的心理特点，还可能创造出更多更好的方法来。但不论何种方法，识字活动都要做到三定；定时间、定地点、定教师，要每天固定一恰当的时间和一个比较安静的地点，根据孩子学习情绪高低进行几分种到十几种游戏学习，天天不间断。学习地点要安静，有文字、图画、桌椅、黑板、地图、玩具、小红花、表扬栏等智育环境布置。这样时间一久，便会形成条件反射，一天不学孩子会闷得难受。

　　至于室外游戏识字，方法更多；成人要随带纸笔备用，孩子外去，视野宽，十分高兴，什么都感到新鲜；特别是看到自己认过的字在广告、标语或招牌上重现，会像老朋友久别重逢一样兴奋，很喜欢读。这时对出现的新字也特别好奇，爱问爱读。所以室外游戏时要鼓励孩子多注意文字，时时处处留心。玩耍中遇到新奇事物，应立即写给孩子看、读。

　　上面讲的室内外游戏识字和选择的字、词 、句，都不要固定教材，更不要讲究系统。但选的词和造句要讲原则。这些原则是：

　　1. 教孩子是感兴趣的字、词、句。

　　2. 教孩子最熟悉的字、词、句。

　　3. 结合孩子在生活游戏中感到特别高兴的事，当场选字，遗词、造句，编儿歌。

　　4. 学过的字要有记载，分初次认读、基本巩固、能熟练运用三类整理，以便有针对性地做复习游戏。

　　5. 教字以识读为主，不要要求听写。 女儿从两周岁起我开始将教育日程表做了些许的改动，该增加一些学习的项目了，学习新东西怎样让女儿能顺利地接受？又寓教于乐呢？我发明了一种有趣的游戏，可将绘画、汉字、英文融合到一起。 准备一些硬纸板，白色的最好，象买的袜子、内衣里的白纸板都不要扔掉，留下备用，没有硬纸板就用白纸，A4纸就可以了；买一盒油画棒，12色就行；一本英文字典。 我和女儿都是席地而坐（地板），先让女儿说出想画个什么，然后让她挑什么颜色的油画棒，我就开始用最简单的笔法在硬纸板上画出卡通画，家长如果没有绘画基础没关系，可以买一两本儿童绘画的书籍，稍微看看就明白了。接着让她说出她所要画的东西的特色，例如兔子是长耳朵啦，小猪有个大耳朵啦，萝卜是圆的还是长的呀等等，随后在所画物品旁一笔一划写上汉字，在汉字下面在写上英文名称，不知道可以查字典，边写边念，大大声。 问女儿喜欢这个游戏吗？她说：“喜欢极了！”现在她的要求又升级了，所画的东西要列入一个场景，形成一个故事，她还喜欢自己现编现讲，自己又参与颜色的分配，自己念汉字，英文不太会念，但是她觉得很有趣，简单的英文单词能说一些，但因为我不刻意要求她一定要念出来，所以她没有什么压力，学的又开心又迅速

但从小养成良好的理钱习惯很重要哦

Should your kids get an allowance?

Yes, say most experts, stressing some guidelines: Start sooner rather than later, make sure the amount is age-appropriate, and -- believe it -- don't link the money to chores.

Most money experts agree that children should be given an allowance in order to learn financial skills at an early age. "Giving your kids an allowance is the best money-management tool you can use with your children," says Janet Bodnar, the deputy editor at Kiplinger's Personal Finance.

Have you ever noticed that children will spend unlimited amounts of money as long as it's yours? "When it's their money on the line, children make more-informed purchasing decisions," Bodnar says.

The problem is that most parents resist giving children an allowance, and, if they do, they usually give the children too little. If the allowance isn't large enough for children to experiment with -- to make mistakes with -- it won't have the learning effect you'd like it to have.

How young is too young? As soon as a child begins to express a sincere interest in material wants -- as in, "I want that!" -- it's time for an allowance. Depending upon the child, that's probably around ages 3 to 5.

The first mistake most parents make is starting too late. The majority of parents wait until their children are "tweens," 9 to 12 years old, and they miss out on the opportunity to discuss money with young children who are more apt to listen to, and take, their parents' advice.

By the time kids are teenagers, they have additional influences on their spending habits, including friends, advertising, pop culture and the media.

How much is too much? The first question parents usually ask is, "How much allowance should I give my children?" Some experts recommend a weekly allowance that totals a dollar for each year of a child's age. But rather than determine the amounts by your children's ages or follow what other parents give their kids, make an informed decision based on what you expect your children to do with their allowance.

As your children get older, they will have to take on more responsibility for their spending habits as their allowance is increased. Decide as a family how the allowance is to be used. Will your children be expected to purchase movie tickets, clothes, birthday gifts for friends and school lunches? If so, the allowance has to be high enough to cover those expenses. Then, if your children overspend before the end of the week, they won't have any money for a movie or a trip to the mall on Friday night.

Tying allowance to chores Many child-development experts agree that linking an allowance to the completion of chores is not the best approach. "My recommendation is to keep the allowance totally separate from the chores," says Aletha Solter, a developmental psychologist and founder of the Aware Parenting Institute in Goleta, Calif. "That way, children will learn the value of cooperation and experience what it feels like to contribute to the family."

In addition, once children have other streams of income, such as monetary gifts for birthdays and holidays or a part-time job after school, they often balk at doing chores at home in order to earn their allowance because they are no longer dependent on Mom and Dad for all income.

Giving extra money for bigger chores -- not those that you expect your child to do daily or weekly -- is fine. For example, if Dad usually pays to get his car detailed once a year, he might be willing to pay for that task to be completed by someone in the family. Or if the children help with the annual "spring cleaning" of the garage, that might be worth greasing the palms of helping hands.

Age-appropriate expenditures Even at a young age, children can begin learning about money: Preschoolers. "Children as young as age 4 can learn coin recognition and basic financial principles such as the exchange of goods and services for money," Solter says.

The amount of money should be minimal because children at this age tend to lose or misplace money. That's OK. It's all part of the learning process. If your son is playing with a few quarters and loses them, he won't have the money to buy baseball cards or a pack of gum.

Elementary age. By 5 or 6, most children can understand the differences between spending, short-term savings, long-term savings and donating. If they sort their money into those four categories every week, they'll be developing responsible money-management skills. As they get older, children can begin paying for things such as their hobbies and gifts.

Tween years. At ages 9 to 12, children who have been given an allowance from an early age will be able to step up their responsibilities as the amount of their allowance increases. Some tweens are ready to take on the challenge of purchasing their own wardrobes and paying for all of their entertainment expenses. Many tweens will feel empowered by their allowance, although they still will need constant supervision and guidance. That's not to say that parents should stop them from making mistakes. Remember, the sole purpose of the allowance is a tool for learning good money-management principles. One of the best ways to learn is by making mistakes and dealing with the consequences of those errors.

Teen years. Most experts agree that by the time children are teenagers they are ready to receive a clothing allowance. So, instead of opening your wallet every time Junior wants a new pair of jeans, consider giving him a clothing allowance. You may want to do this in two distinct clothing allowance chunks, rather than making it part of the allowance, since clothes shopping happens a few times a year rather than weekly. Let him use his clothing allowance the way he wants to, and when the money is gone, don't offer more -- even if he's forgotten to budget for a new winter coat and needs to wear his old one, which is ever so snug and showing its wear.

Freedom within limits Some parents fear that giving children an allowance is like giving them permission to purchase whatever they want, whenever they want. Not true. The allowance gives children some freedom to choose what they want to do with their money, within your limits.

For example, you may require that a certain amount of your child's allowance be saved for college or donated to charity, or both. It's your call. And, as always, you set the limits on what's appropriate to buy. If your child is not permitted to watch PG-13 movies or play T-rated video games, then those are off-limits regardless of whether they have the money to buy them.

This article was reported and written by Lynne Ticknor for Bankrate.com.

一个选书的好去处是 红泥巴读书俱乐部。

红泥巴选的读物是分级的，比较方便。不过，译本多，原创少。译本都是国外获奖作品，但有些译文实在要捏着鼻子看。

中文原创儿童图书还在起步阶段，很多绘图还是有水准的，但文字好的不多。这几个作家/画家值得留意：

作家孙幼军：《小布头奇遇记》，画家裘兆明：《小猪唏哩呼噜》， 作家秦文君（《中国儿童文学》主编）：《男生贾里》和《女生贾梅》等系列， 画家吴带生（《嘟嘟熊》杂志主编）：《科学王国里的童话》《一只红气球》《三间树叶房》 作家张之路：非常可笑系列，非常感动系列，非常神秘系列，《第三军团》、《魔表》等 画家陶文杰（浙江少儿出版社的副社长）：10多年前流行过的一套《世界童话名著连环画》，就是他设计的。

他们都获得过安徒生奖提名。

低幼的：《宝贝快乐童谣》插画者吴儆芦 [img]http://www.hongniba.com.cn/bookclub/images/books/book_20003749_b.jpg[/img]

2. 中国传统故事画库——金苹果丛书·杨永青的画(带拼音)，含5册,神笔马良、李寄除妖、司马光、女娲补天 一粒种子. 这位画家各位应该都很熟悉了，典雅清新的画风，老少咸宜。 [img]http://images.dangdang.com/images/8949686.jpg[/img] [img]http://img3.dangdang.com/productins/894/8949686_12359.jpg[/img]

3.《八仙过海》杨永青，含8册(带拼音) [img]http://images.amazon.cn/7/7800377113001.jpg[/img]

部分封面 [img]http://images.amazon.cn/7/7800377040001.jpg[/img] [img]http://images.dangdang.com/images/20107932.jpg[/img] [img]http://images.dangdang.com/images/20107934.jpg[/img]

4. 周翔《荷花镇的早市》 非常传统的民间风格，原汁原味的原创。拿这些书和市面上翻译引进的童书一比较，谁更贴近中国孩子，一目了然。 [img]http://www.hongniba.com.cn/bookclub/images/books/book_20002049_b.jpg[/img]

5. 《传统美德故事》 含4册。中英文对照。 [img]http://book.kongfz.com/bs_photo/9151/1207296319_1_b.jpg[/img]

[img]http://www.canmatushu.com/dongtaidian/shop2005/images/UploadFile/2007-9/19/20079191547997.jpg[/img]

[img]http://www.mmbbclub.com/syssite/home/shop/1/pictures/productsimg/big/33.jpg[/img]

熊磊熊亮兄弟《年》、《兔儿爷》、《泥将军》、《灶王爷》、《小石狮》也都是原创作品。虽然有点另类，也是勇气可嘉的尝试。

红奶牛牧场丛书： 金波——《红奶牛妈妈》 张秋生——《猎枪里的巧克力糖》 秦文君——《大狗喀啦喀啦》 高洪波——《有只小猫叫白朵》 冰皮——《新邻居》 白冰——《小松鼠大大尾巴》 常瑞——《斑斑兔的蘑菇城》 葛亮——《大马嗒嗒和小蜗牛》 葛冰——《三把小雨伞》 刘丙钧——《呼噜熊的呼噜》 这套也可算是不错的中国原创图画书，跟上面几套比起来稍微逊色些，和欧美那些顶级优秀的童书相比恐怕也难以抗衡。但是，作为有趣的中文识字读物，应该还够格。

上面提到的书，都可以在当当上买到。淘宝也是个好去处，比当当上还便宜不少，特别是北京、上海和广东的一些大卖家，也时常有送外国外的业务，会拿到比较便宜的快递费用。

八九十年代那些优秀的图画书（优秀之程度在我看来和当今欧美优秀图画书可以分庭抗礼）都有可能重版，包括王叔晖的《西厢记》，刘继卣的《武松打虎》，墨浪的《牛郎织女》，还有比较近一些的画家蔡皋的《桃花源记》、《宝儿》。（后两本我看过书影，实在美啊。）

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